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The article has discussed the issue of origin of Orthodox Brotherhoods. Historians’ opinions on the origin and background of Orthodox Brotherhoods differ considerably. Some historians claimed they derived from House Brotherhoods operating in Ruthenia, others believed they were established in effect of Magdeburg Law while some connected their beginnings with craft guilds. Moreover, it was also assumed...
Piotr Świtkowski, both a priest and an editor connected with physiocratic ideas, became famous thanks to publishing “Pamiętnik Historyczno-Polityczny” (PHP). On the pages of the magazine, he focused a lot on the issues of the situation of peasants in the Republic of Poland at the end of the 18th century. It did not mean though that he was as radical as historians inspired by Marxism wanted these days...
Casimir Pulaski enjoys today the established status of a Polish-American national hero. A political refugee from his native Poland after the defeat of the Bar Confederation, he came to America in 1777, during the War of American Independence, founded the Polish Cavalry Legion, fought against the British and died in 1779 in the rank of brigadier general of the Continental Army. The present historical...
Pomysł na artykuł podyktowany jest przede wszystkim potrzebą wskazania na kontrast, jaki w ciągu czterech stuleci od śmierci księżniczki słuckiej nastąpił w widzeniu jej osoby. Jak daleko odbiegła fantazja od rzeczywistości? Źródła historyczne, pisma religijne, literatura świecka – czy między tymi trzema „grupami” można znaleźć jakiś wspólny mianownik? Czy coś należy pominąć, wykluczyć, uzupełnić?...
The military conflict which broke out in August 1914, later named the Great War, extended into the entire territory of the Kingdom of Poland. Armed hostilities conducted by allied German and Austro-Hungarian armies against Russian forces ruined a lot of households depriving their owners of livelihood. A tragic situation of the Kingdom of Poland’s residents posed a risk of humanitarian disaster. The...
The article offers an analysis of the representations of Tadeusz Kościuszko in early American newspapers (1776-1820). The study shows that the American press presented Kościuszko as a heroic figure, significant in the making of America as a nation through his participation in the War of Independence. Kościuszko was not initially recognized as an important military leader of the Revolution, but he...
In Canada World War I has been called the Great War until now. As part of the British Empire, the Dominion of Canada entered the war when Great Britain declared war against Germany on 4th August 1914. During four years of this conflict over 600 000100 soldiers served in the Canadian army , among whom 66 000 were killed and app. 150 000 wounded. This article presents the most important challenges and...
This article is devoted to Polish historiography of the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries concerning the Extermination of Jews and Polish-Jewish relations. It presents the works of both Polish historians and representatives of other scientific disciplines published in Poland and abroad and the Polish translations of foreign scientists’ works. Nevertheless, the article is mainly focused on the output...
Anniversary rituals commemorating WWI in the form of very symbolic red poppies developed in Great Britain in 1918-1921 and are still continued today. In the interwar period, the Great War memory was particularly dynamically commemorated because veterans, participants and witnesses of the war together with their families and friends who remembered the war were still alive and took part in anniversary...
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the United States was one of the most popular destinations for emigrants from the Lithuanian territories in the Russian Empire. They emigrated because they had no economic, social, or political perspectives in their homeland, which was part of the Russian Empire and the German Reich until 1918, when Lithuania proclaimed to be independent. The Lithuanians...
The article presents the Polish government’s attitude to the issue of participation of Poland in the war against Italy. On the one hand, it was affected by direct Polish interests, which required the policy of restraint (moderation) without getting involved in this conflict and, on the other hand, by Poland’s obligations as an ally of France and Great Britain, which were at war against Italy since...
The ideas of supra-tribal unity and Indian nationalism arising among Native Americans in the 20th century initiated the phenomenon defined by the American historians as modern Pan-Indianism. Its first phase occurred at the beginning of the 20th century whereas the second one, more apparent, is connected with the so called “Red Power” movement and dates back to the 1960s and 1970s. During this stormy...
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